The present study was performed to investigate the effect of granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) on implantation of rat embryo in vivo. The SPF Rat (SD strain) had grouped by
body
weight, then induced superovulation and set up mating. The day human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) was administered was conventionally defined as 0 day. G-CSF and GM-CSF, 1μg/kg, 2μg/kg each respectively, were injected into the peritoneal cavity
of rat
which checked the copulation plug, according to embryonic developmental stages (1 day, 3 day, 4 day), and rat was sacrificed at 6.5 day. We counted the stained sites at antimesometium of uterus and measured the length of endometrial glands
through
cross
sectioned samples after embedded at paraffin. The endometrial glands at G-CSF treatment groups were significantly longer than control group. The endometrial glands at GM-CSF treatment groups were also significantly longer than control group. When
G-CSF
and GM-CSF were administered at 1 day, number of implantation was significantly higher at 2μg/kg, of GM-CSF than control value. Treated at 3 day, number of implantation was significantly higher at 1μg/kg of G-CSF and 2μg/kg of GM-CSF than
control
value. Treated at 4 day, number of implantation was significantly higher at 2μg/kg of G-CSF, and 1μg/kg and 2μg/kg of GM-CSF than control value. There was significant difference between 1μg/kg and 2μg/kg of G-CSF at 3 day, and there was also
difference between 1μg/kg and 2μg/kg of GM-CSF at 3 day. When G-CSF was administered at 4 day, number of implantation was significantly higher at 2μg/kg than 1μg/kg. This study suggests that G-CSF and GM-CSF could improve the implantation
rate
in
the rat and this improvement may be achieved through the acceleration of endometrial gland development in the specific concentration and timing of these cytokines.
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